Image-based study of granular column collapse over controlled-roughness surfaces

TL;DR

This study experimentally investigates how controlled surface roughness affects the behavior of granular column collapse, revealing that roughness significantly influences runout distance and deposit morphology, with a threshold beyond which flow characteristics change minimally.

Contribution

It introduces a systematic analysis of basal roughness effects using a geometric parameter Ra, linking surface roughness to flow dynamics in granular collapses.

Findings

Runout distance correlates with Ra regardless of particle size and spacing.

Roughness impacts the flow front and deposit profile.

Flow behavior changes minimally beyond Ra > 0.62, indicating a transition in boundary conditions.

Abstract

Basal effects have important implications for the high mobility and long runout of granular flows such as rock avalanches and landslides. However, fundamental understanding of the basal effect in granular flows remains challenging due to the complex forms of base roughness and the multiscale nature of flow-bed interactions. Here we experimentally investigate the basal effect in granular column collapse over controlled-roughness bases. Image processing methods are developed to obtain robust measurements of base roughness, runout distance and deposit morphology. A geometric roughness parameter Ra is applied to consider both the size and spatial distribution of base particles, which enables systematic analysis of the basal effect. The results indicate that the runout distance can be characterized as a function of Ra, regardless of the variations in the base particle size and spacing, and the roughness has a major influence on the frontal region of the granular flow, as well as the overall profile of the granular deposit. When Ra is increased beyond a threshold value (Ra > 0.62), flow characteristics show minor changes, which coinsides with a previous phase diagram for the transition between slip and non-slip boundary conditions from steady state granular flow simulations.