Transversal Halide Motion Intensifies Band-To-Band Transitions in Halide Perovskites

TL;DR

This study reveals that the dynamic flexibility and transversality of halide motions in perovskites enhance their optoelectronic properties by increasing the joint density of states, leading to sharper optical absorption.

Contribution

It demonstrates how transverse halide motions and vibrational anharmonicity in halide perovskites actively improve their optoelectronic performance, a novel insight into their vibrational dynamics.

Findings

Transversality correlates with vibrational anharmonicity in CsPbBr3.

Transversality leads to a rapid increase in the joint density of states.

PbTe lacks transversality and has wider band-edge distributions.

Abstract

Despite their puzzling vibrational characteristics that include strong signatures of anharmonicity and thermal disorder already around room temperature, halide perovskites exhibit favorable optoelectronic properties for applications in photovoltaics and beyond. Whether these vibrational properties are advantageous or detrimental to their optoelectronic properties remains, however, an important open question. Here, this issue is addressed by investigation of the {finite-temperature optoelectronic properties} in the prototypical cubic CsPbBr$_3$, using first-principles molecular dynamics based on density-functional theory. It is shown that the dynamic flexibility associated with halide perovskites enables the so-called transversality, which manifests as a preference for large halide displacements perpendicular to the Pb-Br-Pb bonding axis. We find that transversality is concurrent with vibrational anharmonicity and leads to a rapid rise in the joint density of states, which is favorable for photovoltaics since this implies sharp optical absorption profiles. These findings are contrasted to the case of PbTe, a material that shares several key properties with CsPbBr$_3$ but cannot exhibit any transversality and, hence, is found to exhibit much wider band-edge distributions. We conclude that the dynamic structural flexibility in halide perovskites and their unusual vibrational characteristics might not just be a mere coincidence, but play active roles in establishing their favorable optoelectronic properties.