Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-induced Randomness for mmWave Key Generation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces to enhance channel randomness in mmWave environments for improved physical layer secret key generation, overcoming limited natural multipath effects.

Contribution

It proposes RIS-assisted channel modeling with continuous and discrete phase shifts, deriving distributions and secret key rates to boost randomness in mmWave security.

Findings

RIS can induce significant channel randomness for key generation.

Discrete phase shifts' impact depends on quantization bits.

Analytical results are validated by simulations.

Abstract

Secret key generation in physical layer security exploits the unpredictable random nature of wireless channels. The millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels have limited multipath and channel randomness in static environments. In this paper, for mmWave secret key generation of physical layer security, we use a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to induce randomness directly in wireless environments, without adding complexity to transceivers. We consider RIS to have continuous individual phase shifts (CIPS) and derive the RIS-assisted reflection channel distribution with its parameters. Then, we propose continuous group phase shifts (CGPS) to increase the randomness specifically at legal parties. Since the continuous phase shifts are expensive to implement, we analyze discrete individual phase shifts (DIPS) and derive the corresponding channel distribution, which is dependent on the quantization bit. We then derive the secret key rate (SKR) to evaluate the randomness performance. With the simulation results verifying the analytical results, this work explains the mathematical principles and lays a foundation for future mmWave evaluation and optimization of artificial channel randomness.