Nanobeacon: A time calibration device for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope
S. Aiello, A. Albert, M. Alshamsi, S. Alves Garre, Z. Aly, A., Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, G. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, M., Ardid, S. Ardid, J. Aublin, C. Bagatelas, B. Baret, S. Basegmez du Pree, M., Bendahman, F. Benfenati, E. Berbee, A. M. van den Berg

TL;DR
The paper introduces the Nanobeacon, an inexpensive device designed for precise time calibration in the KM3NeT neutrino telescope, ensuring accurate neutrino detection and source localization in deep-sea conditions.
Contribution
The paper presents the design, production, and characterization of the Nanobeacon, a novel cost-effective calibration device for large-scale neutrino detectors.
Findings
Over 600 Nanobeacons produced for KM3NeT
Characterized optical pulse and emission profile of the devices
Validated Nanobeacon's suitability for sub-nanosecond time calibration
Abstract
The KM3NeT Collaboration is currently constructing a multi-site high-energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea consisting of matrices of pressure-resistant glass spheres, each holding a set of 31 small-area photomultipliers. The main goals of the telescope are the observation of neutrino sources in the Universe and the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters with atmospheric neutrinos. Both extraterrestrial and atmospheric neutrinos are detected through the Cherenkov light induced in seawater by charged particles produced in neutrino interactions in the surrounding medium. A relative time synchronization between photomultipliers of the order of 1 ns is needed to guarantee the required angular resolution of the detector. Due to the large detector volumes to be instrumented by KM3NeT, a cost reduction of the different systems is a priority. To this end, the inexpensive…
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