Nanobeacon: A time calibration device for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope

S. Aiello; A. Albert; M. Alshamsi; S. Alves Garre; Z. Aly; A.; Ambrosone; F. Ameli; M. Andre; G. Androulakis; M. Anghinolfi; M. Anguita; M.; Ardid; S. Ardid; J. Aublin; C. Bagatelas; B. Baret; S. Basegmez du Pree; M.; Bendahman; F. Benfenati; E. Berbee; A. M. van den Berg; V. Bertine; S. Biagi,; M. Boettcher; M. Bou Cabo; J. Boumaaza; M. Bouta; M. Bouwhuis; C. Bozza; H.; Branza; R. Bruijn; J. Brunner; R. Bruno; E. Buis; R. Buompane; J. Busto; B.; Caiffi; D. Calvo; S. Campion; A. Capone; V. Carretero; P. Castaldi; S. Celli,; M. Chabab; N. Chau; A. Chena; S. Cherubini; V. Chiarella; T. Chiarusi; M.; Circella; R. Cocimano; J. A. B. Coelho; A. Coleiro; M. Colomer Molla; R.; Coniglione; P. Coyle; A. Creusot; A. Cruza; G. Cuttone; R. Dalliera; B. De; Martino; I. Di Palma; A. F. Diaz; D. Diego Tortosa; C. Distefano; A. Domi; C.; Donzau; D. Dornic; M. Dorra; D. Drouhin; T. Eberla; A. Eddyamoui; T. van; Eeden; D. van Eijk; I. El Bojaddaini; S. El Hedri; A. Enzenhofer; V.; Espinosa; P. Fermani; G. Ferrara; M. D. Filipovic; F. Filippini; L. A. Fusco,; T. Gala; J. Garcia Mendez; F. Garufi; Y. Gatelet; C. Gatius Oliver; N.; Geisselbrecht; L. Gialanella; E. Giorgio; S. R. Gozzini; R. Gracia; K. Grafa,; G. Grella; D. Guderian; C. Guidi; B. Guillon; M. Gutierrez; J. Haefner; S.; Hallmann; H. Hamdaoui; H. van Harena; A. Heijboer; A. Hekaloa; L. Henniga; J.; J. Hernandez-Rey; J. Hofestadt; F. Huang; W. Idrissi Ibnsalih; G. Illuminati,; C.W. James; D. Janezashvili; M. de Jong; P. de Jong; B. J. Jung; P.; Kalaczynski; O. Kalekin; U. F. Katz; N. R. Khan Chowdhury; G. Kistauri; F.; van der Knaap; P. Kooijman; A. Kouchner; V. Kulikovskiy; M. Labalme; R.; Lahmann; M. Lamoureux; G. Larosa; C. Lastori; A. Lazo; R. Le Breton; S. Le; Stum; G. Lehaut; O. Leonardi; F. Leone; E. Leonora; N. Lessing; G. Levi; M.; Lincetto; M. Lindsey Clark; T. Lipreau; C. LLorens Alvarez; F. Longhitano; D.; Lopez-Coto; L. Maderer; J. Majumdar; J. Manczak; A. Margiotta; A. Marinelli,; C. Markou; L. Martina; J. A. Martinez-Mora; A. Martini; F. Marzaioli; S.; Mastroianni; K.W. Melis; G. Miele; P. Migliozzi; E. Migneco; P. Mijakowski,; L. S. Miranda; C.M. Mollo; M. Moser; A. Moussa; R. Muller; M. Musumeci; L.; Nauta; S. Navas; C.A. Nicolau; B. Nkosi; B. OFearraigh; M. OSullivan; M.; Organokov; A. Orlando; J. Palacios Gonzalez; G. Papalashvilia; R. Papaleo; A.; M. Paun; G. E. Pavala; C. Pellegrino; M. Perrin-Terrin; V. Pestel; P.; Piattelli; C. Pieterse; O. Pisanti; C. Poire; V. Popa; T. Pradier; I.; Probsta; S. Pulvirenti; G. Quemenera; N. Randazzo; S. Razzaquea; D. Real; S.; Recka; G. Riccobene; A. Romanov; A. Rovelli; F. Salesa Greus; D. F. E.; Samtlebe; A. Sanchez Losa; M. Sanguineti; D. Santonocito; P. Sapienza; J.; Schnabel; M. F. Schneidera; J. Schumann; H. M. Schutte; J. Seneca; I. Sgura,; R. Shanidze; A. Sharma; A. Sinopoulou; B. Spisso; M. Spurio; D. Stavropoulos,; S. M. Stellaccian; M. Taiutik; Y. Tayalati; H. Thiersen; S. Tingay; S.; Tsagkli; V. Tsourapis; E. Tzamariudaki; D. Tzanetatos; V. Van Elewyck; G.; Vasileiadis; F. Versari; D. Vivolo; G. de Wasseige; J. Wilmsa; R.; Wojaczynski; E. de Wolf; T. Yousfi; S. Zavatarelli; A. Zegarelli; D. Zito; J.; D. Zornoza; J. Zuniga; and N. Zywucka

arXiv:2111.00223·astro-ph.IM·July 27, 2022

Nanobeacon: A time calibration device for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope

S. Aiello, A. Albert, M. Alshamsi, S. Alves Garre, Z. Aly, A., Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, G. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, M., Ardid, S. Ardid, J. Aublin, C. Bagatelas, B. Baret, S. Basegmez du Pree, M., Bendahman, F. Benfenati, E. Berbee, A. M. van den Berg

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TL;DR

The paper introduces the Nanobeacon, an inexpensive device designed for precise time calibration in the KM3NeT neutrino telescope, ensuring accurate neutrino detection and source localization in deep-sea conditions.

Contribution

The paper presents the design, production, and characterization of the Nanobeacon, a novel cost-effective calibration device for large-scale neutrino detectors.

Findings

01

Over 600 Nanobeacons produced for KM3NeT

02

Characterized optical pulse and emission profile of the devices

03

Validated Nanobeacon's suitability for sub-nanosecond time calibration

Abstract

The KM3NeT Collaboration is currently constructing a multi-site high-energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea consisting of matrices of pressure-resistant glass spheres, each holding a set of 31 small-area photomultipliers. The main goals of the telescope are the observation of neutrino sources in the Universe and the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters with atmospheric neutrinos. Both extraterrestrial and atmospheric neutrinos are detected through the Cherenkov light induced in seawater by charged particles produced in neutrino interactions in the surrounding medium. A relative time synchronization between photomultipliers of the order of 1 ns is needed to guarantee the required angular resolution of the detector. Due to the large detector volumes to be instrumented by KM3NeT, a cost reduction of the different systems is a priority. To this end, the inexpensive…

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