$^{222}$Rn content variations at ground and underground conditions

TL;DR

This study measures and analyzes the variations of radon-222 activity in underground environments, revealing how radon levels are influenced by underground gases, water release, and proximity to the surface.

Contribution

It provides new insights into radon distribution mechanisms in underground laboratories and introduces a methodology for measuring radon release from rocks and water sources.

Findings

Radon levels are unaffected by distance within ventilated airflow.

Radon content spikes near underground gas and water releases.

Measurements of radon from rocks and water sources are presented.

Abstract

The activity of $^{222}$Rn and its daughter isotopes was measured in the air of several underground laboratories of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory at various distances from the entrance. The measurements were carried out with the help of the cylindrical ionionization air chamber. We found that the radon content in the ventilated airflow within the measurement accuracy does not depend on the distance travelled along the adit. In addition, we observed that the radon content increases abruptly in those locations where underground gases and water are released. As a result, we review various mechanisms of air enrichment with radon. We also outline our research methodology and present the results of our measurements of radon release from the rocky walls of the underground laboratory. Finally, we present the results of the measurements of the radon content of various ground and underground water sources.