Ground state heavy tetraquark production in heavy quark fragmentation

TL;DR

This paper presents the first analytical study of how heavy quarks fragment directly into ground state heavy tetraquarks within perturbative QCD, providing detailed formulas for this exotic hadron production mechanism.

Contribution

It introduces the first exact analytical expression for heavy quark fragmentation into neutral heavy tetraquarks in leading order perturbative QCD.

Findings

Provides a detailed analytical formula for tetraquark production

Enhances understanding of exotic hadron formation mechanisms

Lays groundwork for future experimental validation

Abstract

During recent years, the study of exotic hadrons including tetraquarks and pentaquarks has attracted a lot of interests and more studies are in progress experimentally and theoretically. It is well-known that at sufficiently large transverse momentum the dominant production mechanism for standard heavy hadrons (mesons/baryons) is actually the fragmentation so that the same mechanism is also proposed for the production of heavy exotic hadrons. This work is the first attempt to study the direct fragmentation of a heavy quark into ground state heavy tetraquarks in leading order of perturbative QCD. In this regard, we will present an exact analytical expression for the fragmentation production of neutral hidden flavor tetraquarks $(Qq\bar{Q}\bar{q})$ which includes most of the kinematical and dynamical properties of the process.