Millimeter Wave Wireless Assisted Robot Navigation with Link State Classification

TL;DR

This paper presents a mmWave-based localization method for robot navigation that combines tensor decomposition, machine learning for link state classification, and neural SLAM, demonstrating effective indoor target localization and navigation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel three-stage mmWave localization approach integrating channel estimation, link state classification, and neural SLAM for improved robot navigation.

Findings

Link state classifier generalizes well to new environments.

Neural SLAM with wireless info enables rapid navigation.

Method achieves near-baseline accuracy in target localization.

Abstract

The millimeter wave (mmWave) bands have attracted considerable attention for high precision localization applications due to the ability to capture high angular and temporal resolution measurements. This paper explores mmWave-based positioning for a target localization problem where a fixed target broadcasts mmWave signals and a mobile robotic agent attempts to capture the signals to locate and navigate to the target. A three-stage procedure is proposed: First, the mobile agent uses tensor decomposition methods to detect the multipath channel components and estimate their parameters. Second, a machine-learning trained classifier is then used to predict the link state, meaning if the strongest path is line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS (NLOS). For the NLOS case, the link state predictor also determines if the strongest path arrived via one or more reflections. Third, based on the link state, the agent either follows the estimated angles or uses computer vision or other sensor to explore and map the environment. The method is demonstrated on a large dataset of indoor environments supplemented with ray tracing to simulate the wireless propagation. The path estimation and link state classification are also integrated into a state-of-the-art neural simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) module to augment camera and LIDAR-based navigation. It is shown that the link state classifier can successfully generalize to completely new environments outside the training set. In addition, the neural-SLAM module with the wireless path estimation and link state classifier provides rapid navigation to the target, close to a baseline that knows the target location.