Monopoles of the Dirac type and color confinement in QCD

TL;DR

This paper presents Monte Carlo simulations in SU(3) lattice QCD demonstrating Abelian dominance, monopole dominance, and the dual Meissner effect, supporting a new Abelian-based mechanism for color confinement without gauge fixing.

Contribution

First lattice SU(3) results showing Abelian and monopole dominance and the dual Meissner effect in a gauge-invariant manner, supporting a new confinement scheme based on Dirac monopoles.

Findings

Perfect Abelian dominance in static potentials.

Monopole dominance with respect to Polyakov loop correlators.

Observation of the Abelian dual Meissner effect.

Abstract

We present results of $SU(3)$ Monte-Carlo studies of a new color confinement scheme proposed recently due to Abelian-like monopoles of the Dirac type corresponding in the continuum limit to violation of the non-Abelian Bianchi identities (VNABI). The simulations are done without any additional gauge-fixing smoothing the vacuum. We get for the first time, in pure $SU(3)$ simulations with the standard Wilson action, (1) the perfect Abelian dominance with respect to the static potentials on $12^4\sim 16^4$ lattices at $\beta=5.6-5.8$ using the multilevel method. (2) The perfect monopole as well as Abelian dominances with respect to the static potentials by evaluating the Polyakov loop correlators on $24^3\times4$ at $\beta=5.6$. The Abelian photon part gives zero string tension. (3) The Abelian dual Meissner effect is observed with respect to the Abelian gauge field and Abelian monopoles. The Abelian electric field of a color is squeezed due to the solenoidal monopole current with the corresponding color. Although the scaling and the volume dependence are not yet studied in $SU(3)$, the present results and the previous $SU(2)$ results are consistent with the new Abelian picture of color confinement that each one of eight (three in $SU(2)$) colored electric flux is squeezed by the corresponding colored Abelian-like monopole of the Dirac type corresponding to VNABI.