Leverage on small-scale primordial non-Gaussianity through cross-correlations between CMB $E$-mode and $\mu$-distortion anisotropies

TL;DR

This paper explores how future CMB observations, especially cross-correlations between $ ext{E}$-mode polarization and $ ext{mu}$-distortion anisotropies, can detect small-scale primordial non-Gaussianity predicted by certain inflation models, extending our understanding of early universe physics.

Contribution

It demonstrates that cross-correlations between $ ext{mu}$-distortions and CMB polarization can significantly improve constraints on small-scale non-Gaussianity with future satellite missions like LiteBIRD.

Findings

LiteBIRD can detect $f_{NL}^ ext{mu}$ of about 4500 at 5$\sigma$ significance.

Combining $ ext{mu}$-distortion with CMB polarization improves sensitivity to primordial non-Gaussianity.

Large $f_{NL}^ ext{mu}$ values remain compatible with current constraints due to scale dependence.

Abstract

Multi-field inflation models and non-Bunch-Davies vacuum initial conditions both predict sizeable non-Gaussian primordial perturbations and anisotropic $\mu$-type spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) blackbody. While CMB anisotropies allow us to probe non-Gaussianity at wavenumbers $k\simeq 0.05\,{\rm Mpc^{-1}}$, $\mu$-distortion anisotropies are related to non-Gaussianity of primordial perturbation modes with much larger wavenumbers, $k\simeq 740\,{\rm Mpc^{-1}}$. Through cross-correlations between CMB and $\mu$-distortion anisotropies, one can therefore shed light on the aforementioned inflation models. We investigate the ability of a future CMB satellite imager like LiteBIRD to measure $\mu T$ and $\mu E$ cross-power spectra between anisotropic $\mu$-distortions and CMB temperature and $E$-mode polarization anisotropies in the presence of foregrounds, and derive LiteBIRD forecasts on ${f_{\rm NL}^\mu(k\simeq 740\,{\rm Mpc^{-1}})}$. We show that $\mu E$ cross-correlations with CMB polarization provide more constraining power on $f_{\rm NL}^\mu$ than $\mu T$ cross-correlations in the presence of foregrounds, and the joint combination of $\mu T$ and $\mu E$ observables adds further leverage to the detection of small-scale primordial non-Gaussianity. We find that LiteBIRD would detect ${f_{\rm NL}^\mu}=4500$ at $5\sigma$ significance after foreground removal, and achieve a minimum error of ${\sigma(f_{\rm NL}^\mu=0) \simeq 800}$ at 68\% CL by combining CMB temperature and polarization. Due to the huge dynamic range of wavenumbers between CMB and $\mu$-distortion anisotropies, such large $f^\mu_{\rm NL}$ values would still be consistent with current CMB constraints in the case of very mild scale-dependence of primordial non-Gaussianity. Anisotropic spectral distortions thus provide a new path, complementary to CMB $B$-modes, to probe inflation with LiteBIRD.