The contact process with fitness on random trees

TL;DR

This paper investigates a variant of the contact process on random trees with individual fitness levels, establishing conditions for phase transition or survival without transition based on joint offspring and fitness distributions.

Contribution

It introduces a model incorporating fitness into the contact process on random trees and characterizes phase transition conditions considering combined effects of fitness and offspring.

Findings

Finite mixed moments imply a positive survival threshold.

Infinite mixed moments lead to survival with positive probability regardless of infection rate.

The combined effect of fitness and offspring distribution determines the phase transition behavior.

Abstract

The contact process is a simple model for the spread of an infection in a structured population. We consider a variant of this process on Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson trees, where vertices are equipped with a random fitness representing inhomogeneous transmission rates among individuals. In this paper, we establish conditions under which this inhomogeneous contact process exhibits a phase transition. We first prove that if certain mixed moments of the joint offspring and fitness distribution are finite, then the survival threshold is strictly positive. Further, we show that, if slightly different mixed moments are infinite, then this implies that there is no phase transition and the process survives with positive probability for any choice of the infection parameter. A similar dichotomy is known for the contact process on a Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson tree. However, we show that the introduction of fitness means that we have to take into account the combined effect of fitness and offspring distribution to decide which scenario occurs.