Concepts for Automated Machine Learning in Smart Grid Applications

TL;DR

This paper discusses the development of automated machine learning concepts tailored for smart grid applications, aiming to reduce human effort in designing and deploying energy system models amidst increasing data availability.

Contribution

It introduces a framework defining five levels of automation for machine learning in energy forecasting, aligned with SAE standards, to streamline model development and application.

Findings

Proposes a structured automation framework for energy forecasting models.

Identifies five levels of automation to guide implementation.

Highlights potential for reducing manual effort in energy system modeling.

Abstract

Undoubtedly, the increase of available data and competitive machine learning algorithms has boosted the popularity of data-driven modeling in energy systems. Applications are forecasts for renewable energy generation and energy consumption. Forecasts are elementary for sector coupling, where energy-consuming sectors are interconnected with the power-generating sector to address electricity storage challenges by adding flexibility to the power system. However, the large-scale application of machine learning methods in energy systems is impaired by the need for expert knowledge, which covers machine learning expertise and a profound understanding of the application's process. The process knowledge is required for the problem formalization, as well as the model validation and application. The machine learning skills include the processing steps of i) data pre-processing, ii) feature engineering, extraction, and selection, iii) algorithm selection, iv) hyperparameter optimization, and possibly v) post-processing of the model's output. Tailoring a model for a particular application requires selecting the data, designing various candidate models and organizing the data flow between the processing steps, selecting the most suitable model, and monitoring the model during operation - an iterative and time-consuming procedure. Automated design and operation of machine learning aim to reduce the human effort to address the increasing demand for data-driven models. We define five levels of automation for forecasting in alignment with the SAE standard for autonomous vehicles, where manual design and application reflect Automation level 0.