A Utility Maximization Model of Pedestrian and Driver Interactions

TL;DR

This paper introduces a utility maximization model based on sensorimotor control principles to simulate detailed pedestrian and driver interactions, capturing conflict resolution and safety-critical behaviors.

Contribution

It presents a novel modeling framework that integrates decision theory, motor primitives, and intermittent actions to reproduce complex interactive behaviors among road users.

Findings

Model reproduces pedestrian crossing interactions and conflict resolution.

Captures vehicle-pedestrian yielding behaviors and situational kinematics.

Framework can adapt parameters to different interaction scenarios.

Abstract

Many models account for the traffic flow of road users but few take the details of local interactions into consideration and how they could deteriorate into safety-critical situations. Building on the concept of sensorimotor control, we develop a modeling framework applying the principles of utility maximization, motor primitives, and intermittent action decisions to account for the details of interactive behaviors among road users. The framework connects these principles to the decision theory and is applied to determine whether such an approach can reproduce the following phenomena: When two pedestrians travel on crossing paths, (a) their interaction is sensitive to initial asymmetries, and (b) based on which, they rapidly resolve collision conflict by adapting their behaviors. When a pedestrian crosses the road while facing an approaching car, (c) either road user yields to the other to resolve their conflict, akin to the pedestrian interaction, and (d) the outcome reveals a specific situational kinematics, associated with the nature of vehicle acceleration. We show that these phenomena emerge naturally from our modeling framework when the model can evolve its parameters as a consequence of the situations. We believe that the modeling framework and phenomenon-centered analysis offer promising tools to understand road user interactions. We conclude with a discussion on how the model can be instrumental in studying the safety-critical situations when including other variables in road-user interactions.