Vehicular Blockage Modelling and Performance Analysis for mmWave V2V Communications

TL;DR

This paper develops an analytical model to predict blockage probability and communication reliability in high-mobility V2V millimeter-wave networks, considering traffic density, vehicle dimensions, and antenna positions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analytical model for blockage probability in highway V2V mmWave communications, incorporating vehicle and antenna parameters.

Findings

Model accurately predicts blockage probability under various traffic conditions.

Enables prediction of signal-to-noise ratio distribution and service probability.

Validates the model with extensive numerical simulations.

Abstract

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications are revolutionizing the connectivity of transportation systems supporting safe and efficient road mobility. To meet the growing bandwidth eagerness of V2X services, millimeter-wave (e.g., 5G new radio over spectrum 26.50 - 48.20 GHz) and sub-THz (e.g., 120 GHz) frequencies are being investigated for the large available spectrum. Communication at these frequencies requires beam-type connectivity as a solution for the severe path loss attenuation. However, beams can be blocked, with negative consequences for communication reliability. Blockage prediction is necessary and challenging when the blocker is dynamic in high mobility scenarios such as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V). This paper presents an analytical model to derive the unconditional probability of blockage in a highway multi-lane scenario. The proposed model accounts for the traffic density, the 3D dimensions of the vehicles, and the position of the antennas. Moreover, by setting the communication parameters and a target quality of service, it is possible to predict the signal-to-noise ratio distribution and the service probability, which can be used for resource scheduling. Exhaustive numerical results confirm the validity of the proposed model.