Chaotic synchronization in optical frequency combs

TL;DR

This paper investigates the complex chaotic synchronization phenomena in optical frequency combs, revealing new locking mechanisms and explaining previously unexplained laser self mode-locking behaviors.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analysis of chaotic synchronization in frequency combs, linking it to self mode-locking and self-frequency modulation in lasers without saturable absorbers.

Findings

Chaotic synchronization can cause phase locking in frequency combs.

Chaotic dynamics may be mistaken for regular mode-locking in diagnostics.

Explains self mode-locking and self-frequency modulation in lasers without saturable absorbers.

Abstract

Using a discrete mode approach we investigate the intermodal dynamics in a frequency comb with nonlinear coupling due to four-wave mixing. In the presence of sufficient saturable absorption, phase space collapses into a single state, and all modes tightly lock with identical phase. In case of a purely reactive nonlinearity, a less constrained locking mechanism emerges, which keeps phase differences of neighboring modes loosely bounded and leads to the formation of quasi-periodic breathers. Analysis of the underlying nonlinear correlations identifies a chaotic synchronization process as the origin of this previously unreported locking mechanism. Despite their rather large Lyapunov exponent and correlation dimension, the highly chaotic dynamics may be easily overlooked by common diagnostic approaches for laser mode-locking. This finding may finally explain numerous unexplained reports on laser self mode-locking in the absence of an effective saturable absorber mechanism and the formation of self-frequency modulated combs in semiconductor lasers.