Robust automated radiation therapy treatment planning using scenario-specific dose prediction and robust dose mimicking

TL;DR

This paper introduces a machine learning framework for automated radiation therapy planning that predicts scenario-specific doses and creates robust plans, improving target coverage and robustness against uncertainties.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel deep learning-based approach combining scenario-specific dose prediction with robust dose mimicking for automated treatment planning.

Findings

Predicted scenario doses closely match ground truth.

Deliverable plans are robust against considered scenarios.

Method improves target coverage robustness.

Abstract

Purpose: We present a framework for robust automated treatment planning using machine learning, comprising scenario-specific dose prediction and robust dose mimicking. Methods: The scenario dose prediction pipeline is divided into the prediction of nominal dose from input image and the prediction of scenario dose from nominal dose, each using a deep learning model with U-net architecture. By using a specially developed dose-volume histogram-based loss function, the predicted scenario doses are ensured sufficient target coverage despite the possibility of the training data being non-robust. Deliverable plans may then be created by solving a robust dose mimicking problem with the predictions as scenario-specific reference doses. Results: Numerical experiments are performed using a dataset of 52 intensity-modulated proton therapy plans for prostate patients. We show that the predicted scenario doses resemble their respective ground truth well, in particular while having target coverage comparable to that of the nominal scenario. The deliverable plans produced by the subsequent robust dose mimicking were showed to be robust against the same scenario set considered for prediction. Conclusions: We demonstrate the feasibility and merits of the proposed methodology for incorporating robustness into automated treatment planning algorithms.