A Generalised Logical Layered Architecture for Blockchain Technology

TL;DR

This paper analyzes various layered architectures of blockchain technology, identifies essential components, and proposes a novel three-tiered storage model to guide the development of blockchain storage solutions.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized layered architecture for blockchain and a new three-tiered storage model to standardize and guide blockchain storage implementations.

Findings

Identified essential layers and components for blockchain architecture.

Proposed a novel three-tiered storage model for blockchain.

Provided a comprehensive guide for building blockchain storage solutions.

Abstract

Precision, validity, reliability, timeliness, availability, and granularity are the desired characteristics for data and information systems. However due to the desired trait of data mutability, information systems have inherently lacked the ability to enforce data integrity without governance. A resolution to this challenge has emerged in the shape of blockchain architecture, which ensures immutability of stored information, whilst remaining in an online state. Blockchain technology achieves this through the serial attachment of set-sized parcels of data called blocks. Links (liken to a chain) between these blocks are implemented using a cryptographic seal created using mathematical functions on the data inside the blocks. Practical implementations of blockchain vary by different components, concepts, and terminologies. Researchers proposed various architectural models using different layers to implement blockchain technologies. In this paper, we investigated those layered architectures for different use cases. We identified essential layers and components for a generalised blockchain architecture. We present a novel three-tiered storage model for the purpose of logically defining and categorising blockchain as a storage technology. We envision that this generalised model will be used as a guide when referencing and building any blockchain storage solution.