AugerPrime -- The upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory

TL;DR

AugerPrime is an upgrade to the Pierre Auger Observatory aimed at improving the separation of muonic and electromagnetic components in air showers, thereby enhancing understanding of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and their origins.

Contribution

The paper presents the design, current status, and goals of the AugerPrime upgrade, which enhances detector sensitivity for better cosmic ray composition analysis.

Findings

Enhanced separation of muonic and electromagnetic components.

Improved sensitivity to cosmic ray mass composition.

Potential to resolve key astrophysical puzzles.

Abstract

Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are studied with giant ground-based detector systems recording extensive air showers, induced by cosmic ray particles in the atmosphere. Research at the Pierre Auger Observatory - the largest of such detectors ever built -- largely contributed to a number of breakthroughs and dramatically advanced our understanding of UHECRs. Nonetheless, the results so far are still inconclusive as neither have the sources of these most energetic particles known in the Universe been determined, nor has the origin of the unambiguously established cosmic ray flux suppression above 40 EeV been fully understood. At the same time, precise measurements of the muon component of the extensive air showers on the ground show discrepancies with the predictions of hadronic interaction models. The explanation of these puzzles, which are closely related to each other, is one of the most important goals of modern astrophysics. The results obtained by the Pierre Auger Observatory indicate that further advances in understanding UHECRs require an improvement of the measuring capabilities of existing detectors, where the key feature is a superior separation of the muonic and electromagnetic components of air showers. AugerPrime, the ongoing upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory has been designed for this task. The main objective of the AugerPrime is to enhance the sensitivity of our analyses to the masses of cosmic rays, which will help to elucidate the origin of the UHECRs. In this paper we overview the main features of the AugerPrime design, its current status, and discuss the goals and potential capabilities of the upgraded Observatory.