Earth-mass primordial black hole mergers as sources for non-repeating FRBs

TL;DR

This study explores the hypothesis that non-repeating fast radio bursts originate from mergers of Earth-mass primordial black holes, fitting model parameters to observed data and discussing potential future confirmations through gravitational wave detection.

Contribution

It introduces a model linking non-repeating FRBs to Earth-mass primordial black hole mergers and estimates key charge distribution parameters from observational data.

Findings

Model explains observed non-repeating FRB data well.

Average charge parameter estimated as ~1.59×10^{-5}.

Event rate consistent with primordial black hole abundance constraints.

Abstract

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are mysterious astronomical radio transients with extremely short intrinsic duration. Until now, the physical origins of them still remain elusive especially for the non-repeating FRBs. Strongly inspired by recent progress on possible evidence of Earth-mass primordial black holes, we revisit the model of Earth-mass primordial black holes mergers as sources for non-repeating FRBs. Under the null hypothesis that the observed non-repeating FRBs are originated from the mergers of Earth-mass primordial black holes, we analyzed four independent samples of non-repeating FRBs to study the model parameters i.e. the typical charge value $q_{\rm{c}}$ and the power index $\alpha$ of the charge distribution function of the primordial black hole population $\phi(q) \propto (q/q_{\rm{c}})^{-\alpha}$ which describe how the charge was distributed in the population. $q$ is the charge of the hole in the unit of $\sqrt{G} M$, where $M$ is the mass of the hole. It turns out that this model can explain the observed data well. {Assuming the monochromatic mass spectrum for primordial black holes}, we get the average value of typical charge $\bar{q}_{\rm{c}}/10^{-5}=1.59^{+0.08}_{-0.18}$ and the power index $\bar{\alpha}=4.53^{+0.21}_{-0.14}$ by combining the fitting results given by four non-repeating FRB samples. The event rate of the non-repeating FRBs can be explained in the context of this model, if the abundance of the primordial black hole populations with charge $q \gtrsim 10^{-6}$ is larger than $10^{-5}$ which is far below the upper limit given by current observations for the abundance of Earth-mass primordial black holes. In the future, simultaneous detection of FRBs and high frequency gravitational waves produced by mergers of Earth-mass primordial black holes may directly confirm or deny this model.