The iron and oxygen content of LMC Classical Cepheids and its implications for the Extragalactic Distance Scale and Hubble constant

TL;DR

This study measures the iron and oxygen abundances of 89 LMC Cepheids to understand their impact on the Cepheid Period-Luminosity relation and refine the extragalactic distance scale for a more accurate Hubble constant.

Contribution

It provides a large, homogeneous spectroscopic dataset of LMC Cepheids, clarifying the low metallicity dependence of their luminosity and revising previous assumptions about chemical effects.

Findings

LMC Cepheids have a uniform [Fe/H] distribution with a mean of -0.408 dex.

The low dispersion supports the tightness of the NIR period-luminosity relation.

LMC Cepheids' uniformity limits their use in constraining metallicity effects on luminosity.

Abstract

Classical Cepheids are primary distance indicators and a crucial stepping stone to determining the present-day Hubble constant Ho to the precision and accuracy required to constrain apparent deviations from the LCDM Concordance Cosmological Model. We have measured the iron and oxygen abundances of of 89 Cepheids in the LMC, one of the anchors of the local Distance Scale, quadrupling the prior sample and including 68 of the 70 Cepheids used to constrain Ho by the SH0ES program. The goal is to constrain the extent to which the Cepheid luminosity is influenced by their chemical composition, an important contributor to the uncertainty on the determination of the Ho itself and a critical factor in the internal consistency of the distance ladder. We have derived stellar parameters and abundances from a self-consistent spectroscopic analysis based on Equivalent Width of absorption lines. The [Fe/H] distribution of LMC Cepheids is a single Gaussian with a mean of -0.4079+-0.003 dex (0.1 dex systematic uncertainty) and sigma 0.076+-0.003 dex. The latter is fully compatible with the measurement error and supports the low dispersion of 0.069 mag seen in the NIR HST LMC period-luminosity relation. The uniformity of the abundance has the important consequence that the LMC Cepheids alone cannot provide any meaningful constraint on the dependence of the Cepheid Period-Luminosity relation on chemical composition at any wavelength. This revises a prior claim based on a small sample of 22 LMC Cepheids that there was little dependence (or uncertainty) between composition and NIR luminosity, a conclusion which would produce a conflict between anchors of the distance ladder with different mean abundance. The chemical homogeneity of the LMC Cepheid population makes it an ideal environment to calibrate the metallicity dependence between the more metal poor SMC and metal rich Milky Way and NGC4258.