Non-equilibrium evolution of the optical conductivity of the weakly interacting Hubbard model: Drude response and $\pi$-ton type vertex corrections

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the optical conductivity of a weakly interacting Hubbard model evolves out of equilibrium, highlighting the distinct relaxation behaviors of the Drude response and $ ext{ extpi}$-ton vertex corrections, and linking them to prethermalization.

Contribution

It introduces a non-equilibrium analysis of $ ext{ extpi}$-ton vertex corrections in the Hubbard model, revealing their slower dynamics and spectral signatures after interaction quenches.

Findings

Bubble contribution thermalizes rapidly with oscillations

$ ext{ extpi}$-ton contribution exhibits slower evolution

Spectral signatures of $ ext{ extpi}$-tons are identified

Abstract

The optical conductivity contains information about energy absorption and the underlying physical processes. In finite-dimensional systems, vertex corrections to the bare bubble need to be considered, which is a computationally challenging task. Recent numerical studies showed that in the weak coupling limit, near an ordering instability with wave vector $\pi$, $\pi$-tons (or Maki-Thompson diagrams) yield the most relevant vertex corrections. This provides a route for including vertex corrections into, for example, dynamical mean field theory estimates of the optical conductivity. By implementing calculations on the Kadanoff-Baym contour, we reveal the characteristic spectral signatures of the $\pi$-tons and their evolution under non-equilibrium conditions. We consider interaction quenches of the weakly-correlated Hubbard model near the antiferromagnetic phase boundary, and analyze the evolution of the Drude and $\pi$-ton features. While the bubble contribution to the optical conductivity is found to thermalize rapidly, after some oscillations with frequencies related to the local spectral function, the $\pi$-ton contribution exhibits a slower evolution. We link this observation to the prethermalization phenomenon which has been previously studied in weakly interacting, quenched Hubbard models.