Minimal mass blow-up solutions for the $L^2$-critical NLS with the Delta potential for radial data in one dimension

TL;DR

This paper investigates the blow-up solutions at the critical mass for the one-dimensional NLS with delta potential, revealing how the sign of the potential influences global existence and blow-up behavior.

Contribution

It extends the understanding of threshold solutions for the critical NLS by analyzing the effects of delta potentials with different signs, including existence and stability of blow-up solutions.

Findings

Existence of minimal mass blow-up solutions for delta potential with positive sign.

Global existence for threshold solutions when delta potential is negative.

Blow-up speed and profile are influenced by the sign of the delta potential.

Abstract

We consider the $L^2$-critical nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS) with the delta potential $$i\partial_tu +\partial^2_x u + \mu \delta u +|u|^{4}u=0, \, \, t\in \R, \, x\in \R , $$ where $ \mu \in \R$, and $\delta$ is the Dirac delta distribution at $x=0$. Local well-posedness theory together with sharp Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality and the conservation laws of mass and energy implies that the solution with mass less than $\|Q\|_{2}$ is global existence in $H^1(\R)$, where $Q$ is the ground state of the $L^2$-critical NLS without the delta potential (i.e. $\mu=0$). We are interested in the dynamics of the solution with threshold mass $\|u_0\|_{2}=\|Q\|_{2}$ in $H^1(\R)$. First, for the case $\mu=0$, such blow-up solution exists due to the pseudo-conformal symmetry of the equation, and is unique up to the symmetries of the equation in $H^1(\R)$ from \cite{Me93:NLS:mini sol} (see also \cite{HmKe05:NLS:mini blp}), and recently in $L^2(\R)$ from \cite{Dod:NLS:L2thrh1}. Second, for the case $\mu<0$, simple variational argument with the conservation laws of mass and energy implies that radial solutions with threshold mass exist globally in $H^1(\R)$. Last, for the case $\mu>0$, we show the existence of radial threshold solutions with blow-up speed determined by the sign (i.e. $\mu>0$) of the delta potential perturbation since the refined blow-up profile to the rescaled equation is stable in a precise sense. The key ingredients here including the Energy-Morawetz argument and compactness method as well as the modulation analysis are close to the original one in \cite{RaS11:NLS:mini sol} (see also \cite{KrLR13:HalfW:nondis, LeMR:CNLS:blp, Mart05:Kdv:N sol, MaP17:BO:mini sol, MeRS14:NLS:blp}).