Collective phenomena in pp interactions with high multiplicity

TL;DR

This paper reports evidence of collective phenomena such as pion condensate formation and Cherenkov gluon radiation in high-multiplicity proton-proton interactions at the U-70 accelerator, revealing new insights into particle behavior at high densities.

Contribution

It presents experimental evidence of collective effects like Bose-Einstein condensates and Cherenkov gluon radiation in pp interactions at high multiplicity, a novel observation in this context.

Findings

Evidence of pion Bose-Einstein condensate formation.

Observation of two peaks in charged pion angular distribution.

Disappearance of leading effect and isotropization at high multiplicity.

Abstract

The latest results on the search for collective phenomena in pp interactions at the U-70 accelerator at IHEP (Protvino) are presented. This the long-term experiment has been carried out at the SVD-2 setup. We received the evidence of the pion (Bose-Einstein) condensate formation. Two noticeable peaks in the angular distribution of charged pions are interpreted as Cherenkov radiation of gluons by quarks. The leading effect disappears and the secondary system becomes isotropic in all directions at high multiplicity region.