Thermodynamics and kinetics of H adsorption and intercalation for graphene on 6H-SiC(0001) from first-principles calculations

TL;DR

This study uses first-principles calculations to analyze the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen adsorption and intercalation in graphene on 6H-SiC(0001), revealing preferred intercalation sites and energy barriers.

Contribution

It provides detailed first-principles insights into hydrogen intercalation configurations, energy barriers, and coverage effects in graphene on SiC, advancing understanding of intercalation mechanisms.

Findings

Intercalation between TLG and BLG is thermodynamically most favorable.

Energy barriers for H diffusion are approximately 1.3 eV on TLG and 2.3 eV under TLG.

Higher H coverage favors intercalation underneath BLG.

Abstract

Previous experimental observations for H intercalation under graphene on SiC surfaces motivate clarification of configuration stabilities and kinetic processes related to intercalation. From first-principles density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations, we analyze H adsorption and intercalation for graphene on a 6H-SiC(0001) surface, where the system includes two single-atom-thick graphene layers: the top-layer graphene (TLG) and the underling buffer-layer graphene (BLG) above the terminal Si layer. Our chemical potential analysis shows that, in the low-H coverage regime (described by a single H atom within a sufficiently large supercell), intercalation into the gallery between TLG and BLG, or into the gallery underneath BLG, is more favorable thermodynamically than adsorption on top of TLG. However, intercalation into the gallery between TLG and BLG is most favorable. We obtain energy barriers of about 1.3 eV and 2.3 eV for a H atom diffusing on and under TLG, respectively. From an additional analysis of the energy landscape in the vicinity of a step on the TLG, we assess how readily one guest H atom on the TLG terrace can directly penetrate the TLG into the gallery between TLG and BLG versus crossing a TLG step to access the gallery. We also perform DFT calculations for higher H coverages revealing a shift in favorability to intercalation of H underneath BLG, as well as characterizing the variation with H coverage in interlayer spacings.