From Neutrino Masses to the Full Size of the Universe

TL;DR

This paper presents a tetron-based model of the universe where matter and gravity emerge from microscopic constituents, explaining neutrino masses, universe size, and cosmic tensions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel tetron model linking microscopic constituents to large-scale universe properties and particle physics phenomena.

Findings

Neutrino masses derived from isospin conservation.

Connection between top quark mass and electroweak symmetry breaking.

Potential to determine universe size from dark energy measurements.

Abstract

Our universe is a 3-dimensional elastic substrate which once has condensed and now is expanding within some higher dimensional space. The elastic substrate is built from tiny invisible constituents, called tetrons, with bond length about the Planck length and binding energy the Planck energy. All ordinary matter particles are quasiparticle excitations of the tetrons gliding on the elastic medium. Since the quasiparticles fulfill Lorentz covariant wave equations, they perceive the universe as a 3+1 dimensional spacetime continuum lacking a preferred rest system. Any type of mass/energy induces curvature on the spacetime continuum as determined by the Einstein equations. The 24 known quarks and leptons arise as eigenmode excitations of a tetrahedral fiber structure, which is made up from 4 tetrons and extends into 3 additional dimensions. While the laws of gravity are due to the elastic properties of the tetron bonds, particle physics interactions take place within the fibers. I will concentrate on three of the most intriguing features of the model: (i) Understanding small neutrino masses from the conservation of isospin, and, more in general, calculating the spectrum of quark and lepton masses. This is obtained from the tetron model's interpretation of the Higgs mechanism. As a byproduct, the connection between the large top mass and the electroweak symmetry breaking becomes apparent. (ii) The possibility to determine the full size of the universe from future dark energy measurements. This is obtained from the tetron model's interpretation of the dark energy effect. (iii) Finally, the origin of the big bang `Hubble tension' within the tetron scheme will be elucidated, and deviations from the standard picture such as a varying Newton constant are discussed.