Protected Solid-State Qubits

TL;DR

This paper reviews advances in protected solid-state qubits, highlighting their potential to reduce noise and improve the scalability of fault-tolerant quantum computers.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of current protected solid-state qubits based on semiconductors, superconductors, and hybrid devices, emphasizing their noise mitigation strategies.

Findings

Protected qubits utilize decoherence-free subspaces and dynamical sweet spots.

Advances in semiconductor, superconductor, and hybrid qubits enhance noise protection.

These developments are crucial for scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing.

Abstract

The implementation of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers calls for the integration of millions of physical qubits, with error rates of physical qubits significantly below 1%. This outstanding engineering challenge may benefit from emerging qubits that are protected from dominating noise sources in the qubits' environment. In addition to different noise reduction techniques, protective approaches typically encode qubits in global or local decoherence-free subspaces, or in dynamical sweet spots of driven systems. We exemplify such protective qubits by reviewing the state-of-art in protected solid-state qubits based on semiconductors, superconductors, and hybrid devices.