Constraining the Hubble constant to a precision of about 1% using multi-band dark standard siren detections

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that multi-band gravitational wave detections, especially with combined detectors like TianQin, LISA, and Einstein Telescope, can measure the Hubble constant to about 1% precision using dark standard sirens without electromagnetic counterparts.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of how multi-band gravitational wave observations can precisely constrain the Hubble constant using dark sirens and galaxy catalogs.

Findings

TianQin alone can constrain H0 to ~30% with 10 events

Multi-detector networks improve precision to below 5%

Multi-band networks can achieve ~1% H0 measurement

Abstract

Gravitational wave signal from the inspiral of stellar-mass binary black hole can be used as standard sirens to perform cosmological inference. This inspiral covers a wide range of frequency bands, from the millihertz band to the audio-band, allowing for detections by both space-borne and ground-based gravitational wave detectors. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive study on the ability to constrain the Hubble constant using the dark standard sirens, or gravitational wave events that lack electromagnetic counterparts. To acquire the redshift information, we weight the galaxies within the localization error box with photometric information from several bands and use them as a proxy for the binary black hole redshift. We discover that TianQin is expected to constrain the Hubble constant to a precision of roughly $30\%$ through detections of $10$ gravitational wave events; in the most optimistic case, the Hubble constant can be constrained to a precision of $< 10 \%$, assuming TianQin I+II. In the optimistic case, the multi-detector network of TianQin and LISA is capable of constraining the Hubble constant to within $5\%$ precision. It is worth highlighting that the multi-band network of TianQin and Einstein Telescope is capable of constraining the Hubble constant to a precision of about $1\%$. We conclude that inferring the Hubble constant without bias from photo-z galaxy catalog is achievable, and we also demonstrate self-consistency using the P$-$P plot. On the other hand, high-quality spectroscopic redshift information is crucial for improving the estimation precision of Hubble constant.