Charge capacity characteristics of a Lithium Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminium Oxide battery show fractional-derivative behavior

TL;DR

This paper investigates the fractional-derivative behavior of a Lithium Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminium Oxide battery's capacity offset, demonstrating how fractional calculus models can predict charge behavior at low draw rates.

Contribution

It introduces a fractional capacitor model to describe battery capacity offset, linking fractional calculus with practical battery charge predictions.

Findings

Fractional exponent alpha is approximately 0.971.

Fractional capacity does not match traditional models.

Fractional model accurately predicts low-rate charge behavior.

Abstract

Batteries experience capacity offset where available charge depends on the rate at which this charge is drawn. In this work we analyze the capacity offset of a 4.8 A h lithium nickel-cobalt-aluminium oxide battery using an equivalent circuit model of a fractional capacitor in series with a resistor. In this case, the available charge, in theory, becomes infinite in the limit of infinitesimal rate. We show that the fractional properties of the capacitor can be extracted from the charge against rate plot. We then use a network of RC elements to represent the fractional capacitor in order to simulate the data with Matlab. We find that the fractional exponent alpha obtained in this way, 0.971, agrees with that obtained in a more traditional manner from an impedance versus frequency plot, although the fractional capacity does not. Such an approach demonstrates the importance of a fractional description for capacity offset even when an element is nearly a pure capacitor and is valuable for predictions of state-of-charge when low currents are drawn.