Electromagnetic quantum shifts in relativistic Bose-Einstein condensation
D. M. Reis, C. A. A. de Carvalho

TL;DR
This paper investigates how electromagnetic quantum fluctuations affect the thermodynamic properties and Bose-Einstein condensation temperature of a relativistic charged scalar boson gas, providing analytical expressions and numerical results.
Contribution
It introduces a detailed calculation of electromagnetic quantum fluctuation effects on relativistic Bose-Einstein condensation, extending previous ideal gas models.
Findings
Deviations from ideal gas behavior in pressure and density are quantified.
Expressions for these deviations are derived in both ultra-relativistic and nonrelativistic limits.
Numerical results illustrate the impact of electromagnetic quantum fluctuations on the condensation temperature.
Abstract
We compute deviations from ideal gas behavior of the pressure, density, and Bose-Einstein condensation temperature of a relativistic gas of charged scalar bosons caused by the current-current interaction induced by electromagnetic quantum fluctuations treated via scalar quantum electrodynamics. We obtain expressions for those quantities in the ultra-relativistic and nonrelativistic limits, and present numerical results for the relativistic case.
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