Steady state in strong system-bath coupling: mean force Gibbs state versus reaction coordinate

TL;DR

This paper compares two methods for determining steady states in strongly coupled quantum systems, validating their accuracy and establishing criteria for their applicability, especially in the spin-boson model.

Contribution

It evaluates and benchmarks perturbative and reaction coordinate methods for steady states in strong coupling, clarifying their validity ranges.

Findings

Both methods agree in certain parameter regimes.

Validity criteria effectively benchmark the methods.

Reaction coordinate mapping is confirmed as a reliable approach.

Abstract

Motivated by the growing importance of strong system-bath coupling in several branches of quantum information and related technological applications, we analyze and compare two strategies currently used to obtain (approximately) steady states in strong coupling. The first strategy is based on perturbative expansions while the second one uses reaction coordinate mapping. Focusing on the widely used spin-boson model, we show that, as expected and hoped, the predictions of these two strategies coincide for some parameter regions. This confirms and strengthens the relevance of both techniques. Beyond that, it is also crucial to know precisely their respective range of validity. In that perspective, thanks to their different limitations, we use one to benchmark the other. We introduce and successfully test some very simple validity criteria for both strategies, bringing some answers to the question of the validity range.