Modeling the MgI from the NUV to MIR: I. The Solar Case

TL;DR

This paper improves the atomic model of Mg I for solar atmosphere simulations by adding lines, energy levels, and updated atomic data, resulting in better spectral matches from the near-UV to MIR.

Contribution

The study introduces a significantly enhanced Mg I atomic model with expanded energy levels, new lines, and updated atomic data, improving spectral modeling accuracy.

Findings

Better match between observed and calculated spectra above 3 μm.

Addition of 127 lines and increase to 85 energy levels.

Updated ECS parameters improve spectral reproduction.

Abstract

Semi-empirical models of the solar atmosphere are used to study the radiative environment of any planet in our solar system. There is a need for reliable atomic data for neutral atoms and ions in the atmosphere to obtain improved calculated spectra. Atomic parameters are crucial to computing the correct population of elements through the whole stellar atmosphere. Although there is a very good agreement between the observed and calculated spectra for the Sun, there is still a mismatch in several spectral ranges due to the lack of atomic data and its inaccuracies, particularly for neutrals like Mg I. To correctly represent many spectral lines of Mg I from the near-UV to the mid-IR is necessary to add and update the atomic data involved in the atomic processes that drive their formation. The improvements to the Mg I atomic model are as follows: i) 127 strong lines, including their broadening data, were added. ii) To obtain these lines, we increased from 26 to 85 the number of energy levels. iii) Photoionization cross-section parameters were added and updated. iv) Effective Collision Strengths (ECS) parameters were updated for the first 25 levels using the existing data from the convergent close-coupling (CCC) calculations. One of the most significant changes in our model is given by the new ECS parameters for transitions involving levels between 26 and 54, which were computed with a multi-configuration Breit-Pauli distorted-wave (DW) method. More than one hundred transitions were added to our calculations, increasing our capability of reproducing important features observed in the solar spectra. We found a remarkable improvement in matching the solar spectra for wavelengths higher than 3 um when our new DW ECS data was used in the model.