Quantum Blockchain Based on Dimensional Lifting Generalized Gram-Schmidt Procedure

TL;DR

This paper introduces a fully quantum blockchain model utilizing a generalized Gram-Schmidt process with dimensional lifting, aiming to ensure security against quantum attacks and enabling quantum tokens.

Contribution

It presents a novel quantum blockchain architecture based on dimensional lifting and generalized Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, enhancing security and enabling quantum token integration.

Findings

The model is secure against quantum attacks due to no-cloning and orthogonalization properties.

It demonstrates how transaction states can be encoded and chained using quantum states.

Framework for quantum tokens built on the blockchain architecture is outlined.

Abstract

The advancement of quantum computers undermines the security of classical blockchain, necessitating either a post-quantum upgrade of the existing architecture or creation of an inherently quantum blockchain. Here we propose a practically realizable model of a fully quantum blockchain based on a generalized Gram-Schmidt procedure utilizing dimensional lifting. In this model, information of transactions stored in a multi-qubit state are subsequently encoded using the generalized Gram-Schmidt process. The chain is generated as a result of the reliance of orthogonalized state on the sequence of states preceding it. Various forking scenarios and their countermeasures are considered for the proposed model. It is shown to be secure even against quantum computing attacks using the no-cloning theorem and non-democratic nature of Generalized Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization. Finally, we outline a framework for a quantum token built on the same architecture as our blockchain.