Looking for monopolium excited states with electromagnetic detectors

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel electromagnetic detection method for particles with magnetic moments, especially focusing on excited monopolium states, and discusses its potential and limitations in collider and cosmological contexts.

Contribution

It introduces a new coil-based detection scheme for magnetic particles, including monopolium, and extends the approach to account for finite lifetimes and cosmological scenarios.

Findings

The detector scheme is effective for long-lived particles like neutrons.

Detection of short-lived monopolium states at colliders is challenging due to small cross sections.

The scheme can complement existing detectors like MoEDAL and MAPP for monopolium detection.

Abstract

We study the detection of particles with magnetic moment and no charge by using coils and solenoids. The detector uses the Faraday-Lenz law to create a current whose energy is measured. Our development can be applied to any particle with magnetic moment. The neutron is ideal to show our detector scheme for particles with long lifetimes and the result is encouraging. However, our interest lies in the detection of monopolium states which decays much faster than neutrons. The accelerator scenario with a relatively low monopole mass $\sim 1000$ GeV requires the generalization of the scheme to finite lifetimes. We use two descriptions, which we have called Dirac and Schwinger, (also $\beta$-coupling), schemes, in our study. The theoretical behavior of excited monopolia in coils teaches us many of their properties. However, their small production cross sections, given the achievable LHC luminosities, makes detection using coils difficult. Therefore, we generalize the discussion to cosmological heavy monopolium. Our scheme becomes useful for those and supplements detectors like MoEDAL and MAPP in distinguishing monopolia from other long lived particles.