Analytical structure of the equation of state at finite density: Resummation versus expansion in a low energy model

TL;DR

This paper compares a new resummation scheme to traditional Taylor expansions for calculating the equation of state at finite density, demonstrating the resummation's superior ability to capture complex singularities and extend the valid range of predictions.

Contribution

It adapts and tests a novel resummation scheme within a mean-field quark-meson model, showing improved accuracy over Taylor expansions in describing the equation of state at finite density.

Findings

Resummation accurately locates the Yang-Lee edge singularity.

Resummation extends the reliable prediction range beyond the singularity.

Taylor expansion fails near the edge singularity.

Abstract

For theories plagued with a sign problem at finite density, a Taylor expansion in the chemical potential is frequently used for lattice gauge theory based computations of the equation of state. Recently, in arXiv:2106.03165, a new resummation scheme was proposed for such an expansion that resums contributions of correlation functions of conserved currents to all orders in the chemical potential. Here, we study the efficacy of this resummation scheme using a solvable low energy model, namely the mean-field quark-meson model. After adapting the scheme for a mean-field analysis, we confront the results of this scheme with the direct solution of the model at finite density as well as compare with results from Taylor expansions. We study to what extent the two methods capture the analytical properties of the equation of state in the complex chemical potential plane. As expected, the Taylor expansion breaks down as soon as the baryon chemical potential reaches the radius of convergence defined by the Yang-Lee edge singularity. Encouragingly, the resummation not only captures the location of the Yang-Lee edge singularity accurately, but is also able to describe the equation of state for larger chemical potentials beyond the location of the edge singularity for a wide range of temperatures.