Fractional spin excitations and conductance in the spiral staircase Heisenberg ladder

TL;DR

This paper explores fractional spin excitations in a spiral staircase Heisenberg ladder, revealing how magnetic fields and interactions induce fractionalized spins detectable via spin conductance, with potential universal conductance values.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework for fractional spin excitations in a specific spin ladder model, combining bosonization and DMRG methods to analyze transport properties.

Findings

Fractional spin excitations occur under certain resonance conditions.

Spin conductance can reach universal values in specific cases.

Fractional spins are tunable by magnetic fields.

Abstract

We investigate theoretically the spiral staircase Heisenberg spin-$1/2$ ladder in the presence of antiferromagnetic long-range spin interactions and a uniform magnetic field. As a special case we also consider the Kondo necklace model. If the magnetizations of the two chains forming the ladder satisfy a certain resonance condition, involving interchain couplings as perturbations, the system is in a partially gapped magnetic phase hosting excitations characterized by fractional spins, whose values can be changed by the magnetic field. We show that these fractional spin excitations can be probed by spin currents in a transport setup with a spin conductance that reveals the fractionalized spin. In some special cases, the spin conductance reaches universal values in units of $(g\mu_B)^2/h$, where $g$ is the $g$-factor, $\mu_B$ the Bohr magneton, and $h$ the Planck constant. We obtain our results with the help of bosonization and numerical density matrix renormalization group methods.