Boomerang webs up to three-loop order

TL;DR

This paper analyzes boomerang webs, a class of Feynman diagrams in gauge theory, up to three loops, revealing their structure, classification, and how they contribute to the soft anomalous dimension, with implications for infrared behavior.

Contribution

It classifies and computes all boomerang webs up to three loops, demonstrating their unique properties and providing tools for their calculation in gauge theory amplitudes.

Findings

Self-energy insertions do not contribute to the web.

Boerang webs can be expressed with harmonic polylogarithms.

They have lower, non-uniform transcendental weight.

Abstract

Webs are sets of Feynman diagrams which manifest soft gluon exponentiation in gauge theory scattering amplitudes: individual webs contribute to the logarithm of the amplitude and their ultraviolet renormalization encodes its infrared structure. In this paper, we consider the particular class of boomerang webs, consisting of multiple gluon exchanges, but where at least one gluon has both of its endpoints on the same Wilson line. First, we use the replica trick to prove that diagrams involving self-energy insertions along the Wilson line do not contribute to the web, i.e. their exponentiated colour factor vanishes. Consequently boomerang webs effectively involve only integrals where boomerang gluons straddle one or more gluons that connect to other Wilson lines. Next we classify and calculate all boomerang webs involving semi-infinite non-lightlike Wilson lines up to three-loop order, including a detailed discussion of how to regulate and renormalize them. Furthermore, we show that they can be written using a basis of specific harmonic polylogarithms, that has been conjectured to be sufficient for expressing all multiple gluon exchange webs. However, boomerang webs differ from other gluon-exchange webs by featuring a lower and non-uniform transcendental weight. We cross-check our results by showing how certain boomerang webs can be determined by the so-called collinear reduction of previously calculated webs. Our results are a necessary ingredient of the soft anomalous dimension for non-lightlike Wilson lines at three loops.