CCS-GAN: COVID-19 CT-scan classification with very few positive training images

TL;DR

This paper introduces CCS-GAN, a novel generative adversarial network that synthesizes positive COVID-19 CT images from limited data, enabling accurate classification with as few as 10 positive samples, addressing data scarcity in medical imaging.

Contribution

CCS-GAN combines style transfer, segmentation, and transfer learning to generate synthetic positive images, significantly reducing the need for large COVID-19 datasets for training classifiers.

Findings

Achieves high classification accuracy with only 10 positive images.

Outperforms existing methods in low-data scenarios.

Enables effective COVID-19 screening with minimal training data.

Abstract

We present a novel algorithm that is able to classify COVID-19 pneumonia from CT Scan slices using a very small sample of training images exhibiting COVID-19 pneumonia in tandem with a larger number of normal images. This algorithm is able to achieve high classification accuracy using as few as 10 positive training slices (from 10 positive cases), which to the best of our knowledge is one order of magnitude fewer than the next closest published work at the time of writing. Deep learning with extremely small positive training volumes is a very difficult problem and has been an important topic during the COVID-19 pandemic, because for quite some time it was difficult to obtain large volumes of COVID-19 positive images for training. Algorithms that can learn to screen for diseases using few examples are an important area of research. We present the Cycle Consistent Segmentation Generative Adversarial Network (CCS-GAN). CCS-GAN combines style transfer with pulmonary segmentation and relevant transfer learning from negative images in order to create a larger volume of synthetic positive images for the purposes of improving diagnostic classification performance. The performance of a VGG-19 classifier plus CCS-GAN was trained using a small sample of positive image slices ranging from at most 50 down to as few as 10 COVID-19 positive CT-scan images. CCS-GAN achieves high accuracy with few positive images and thereby greatly reduces the barrier of acquiring large training volumes in order to train a diagnostic classifier for COVID-19.