Local control of magnetic interface effects in chiral Ir$|$Co$|$Pt multilayers using Ga$^{+}$ ion irradiation

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that focused Ga$^{+}$ ion irradiation can locally tune the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and magnetic anisotropy in Ir$|$Co$|$Pt multilayers, facilitating controlled skyrmion nucleation for spintronic devices.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method using Ga$^{+}$ ion irradiation to locally modify magnetic interface effects in multilayers, enabling targeted skyrmion control.

Findings

Ga$^{+}$ irradiation reduces interface contributions to iDMI and PMA.

Domain wall energy density is halved after irradiation.

Néel character of domain walls is preserved post-irradiation.

Abstract

Skyrmions are topologically protected chiral spin textures that have shown promise as data carriers in future spintronic applications. They can be stabilized by the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) in material systems with inversion asymmetry and spin-orbit coupling, such as Ir$|$Co$|$Pt multilayers. The ability to locally tune such interface interactions, and hence the skyrmion energy, could greatly enhance the nucleation and control of skyrmions in racetrack type devices. In this work, we investigate local tuning of the iDMI and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) using focussed Ga$^{+}$ ion beam irradiation, in an Ir$|$Co$|$Pt multilayer system. We show that the magnitude of the interface contribution to both effects can be significantly reduced by the irradiation with Ga$^{+}$ ions. This leads to a reduction by a factor two of the domain wall energy density, while still preserving the N\'{e}el character of the domain walls. Hence, we postulate that Ga$^{+}$ ion irradiation is an effective way to locally reduce the energy barrier for skyrmion nucleation, providing a novel pathway for targeted skyrmion nucleation in racetrack type devices.