Gauge origin of double dark parity and implication for dark matter

TL;DR

This paper explores how a dark charge related to dark matter stabilization extends the Standard Model gauge group, leading to two dark parity symmetries and three dark matter scenarios, with detailed analysis of relic density and detection.

Contribution

It introduces a novel gauge extension with a dark charge that results in two dark parity symmetries, providing new frameworks for dark matter models.

Findings

Dark charge breaks into two dark parity symmetries, Z2 and Z'2.

Three dark matter scenarios are derived from these symmetries.

Detailed relic density and direct detection analysis for two-component dark matter.

Abstract

Dark matter must be stabilized over the cosmological timescale, which demands the existence of a stabilizing symmetry, derived by a dark charge, $D$. The existence of this dark charge may affect the quantization of electric charge, which theoretically shifts the electric charge, thus the hypercharge to a novel gauge extension, $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(2)_L\otimes U(1)_Y\otimes U(1)_N$, where $N$ determines $D=T_3+N$, similar to $Q=T_3+Y$. New observation of this work is that the dark charge is broken down to two kinds of dark parity, $Z_2$ and $Z'_2$, which subsequently imply three scenarios of dark matter. The relic density and direct detection for the scenario of two-component dark matter are investigated in detail.