The investigation of low frequency dilaton generation

TL;DR

This paper investigates how rotating magnetic dipoles of pulsars and magnetars generate dilaton waves at specific frequencies, with the radiation pattern depending on the magnetic dipole's orientation.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical analysis of dilaton generation by pulsars and magnetars, identifying the frequencies and angular distributions of the emitted dilaton radiation.

Findings

Dilaton waves are generated at the rotation and twice the rotation frequency.

Maximum dilaton emission at the rotation frequency occurs at a 45-degree angle.

Maximum dilaton emission at twice the frequency occurs at a 90-degree angle.

Abstract

The electromagnetic source of dilaton is a first invariant of the electromagnetic field tensor. For electromagnetic waves, this invariant can be non zero only in the near zone. Pulsars and magnetars are natural sources of this type. We calculated the generation of dilatons by coherent electromagnetic field of rotating magnetic dipole moment of pulsars and magnetars. It is shown that the radiation of dilaton waves occurs at the two frequencies: the rotation frequency of the magnetic dipole moment of the neutron star and the twice frequency. The generation of dilaton at the rotation frequency is maximal in the case when the angle between the magnetic dipole moment and the axis of its rotation is equal to 45 degree. If this angle is equal to 90 degree, then dilaton radiation at the rotation frequency does not occur. The generation of dilaton at the twice frequency is maximal in the case when the angle between the magnetic dipole and the axis of its rotation is equal to 90 degree. Angular distribution of radiation of dilatons having a rotation frequency has a maximum along conic surfaces 45 degree. Angular distribution of radiation of dilatons having a frequency of the twice rotation frequency, has a maximum in the plane which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.