How To Not Drive: Learning Driving Constraints from Demonstration

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method to learn driving constraints from human demonstrations, enabling autonomous vehicles to generate safer trajectories with minimal collisions by integrating learned constraints into motion planning.

Contribution

It presents a novel approach to learn driving constraints from demonstrations, which can be integrated into existing autonomous driving systems to improve safety and compliance.

Findings

Less than 1% collision rate in evaluations

Reduced out-of-road maneuvers using learned constraints

Effective integration with optimization-based motion planners

Abstract

We propose a new scheme to learn motion planning constraints from human driving trajectories. Behavioral and motion planning are the key components in an autonomous driving system. The behavioral planning is responsible for high-level decision making required to follow traffic rules and interact with other road participants. The motion planner role is to generate feasible, safe trajectories for a self-driving vehicle to follow. The trajectories are generated through an optimization scheme to optimize a cost function based on metrics related to smoothness, movability, and comfort, and subject to a set of constraints derived from the planned behavior, safety considerations, and feasibility. A common practice is to manually design the cost function and constraints. Recent work has investigated learning the cost function from human driving demonstrations. While effective, the practical application of such approaches is still questionable in autonomous driving. In contrast, this paper focuses on learning driving constraints, which can be used as an add-on module to existing autonomous driving solutions. To learn the constraint, the planning problem is formulated as a constrained Markov Decision Process, whose elements are assumed to be known except the constraints. The constraints are then learned by learning the distribution of expert trajectories and estimating the probability of optimal trajectories belonging to the learned distribution. The proposed scheme is evaluated using NGSIM dataset, yielding less than 1\% collision rate and out of road maneuvers when the learned constraints is used in an optimization-based motion planner.