DUNE atmospheric neutrinos: Earth Tomography
Kevin J. Kelly, Pedro A. N. Machado, Ivan Martinez-Soler, Yuber F., Perez-Gonzalez

TL;DR
This paper demonstrates that the DUNE experiment can utilize atmospheric neutrino oscillations to measure Earth's density profile, including core and mantle densities, with significant precision through detailed simulations and event reconstruction capabilities.
Contribution
It introduces a novel method for Earth tomography using atmospheric neutrinos at DUNE, leveraging liquid argon detector technology and detailed oscillation analysis.
Findings
DUNE can measure Earth's total mass with 8.4% precision.
Core and mantle densities can be determined with 8.8%, 13%, and 22% precision.
A low exposure run could measure core density at ~30% precision.
Abstract
In this paper we show that the DUNE experiment can measure the Earth's density profile by analyzing atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The crucial feature that enables such measurement is the detailed event reconstruction capability of liquid argon time projection chambers. This allows for studying the sub-GeV atmospheric neutrino component, which bears a rich oscillation phenomenology, strongly dependent on the matter potential sourced by the Earth. We provide a pedagogical discussion of the MSW and parametric resonances and their role in measuring the core and mantle densities. By performing a detailed simulation, accounting for particle reconstruction at DUNE, nuclear physics effects relevant to neutrino-argon interactions and several uncertainties on the atmospheric neutrino flux, we manage to obtain a robust estimate of DUNE's sensitivity to the Earth matter profile. We find that…
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