Gap Statistics for Confined Particles with Power-Law Interactions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the fluctuation statistics of particle gaps in a one-dimensional Riesz gas with power-law interactions, revealing how these fluctuations scale with system size across different interaction regimes.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of gap fluctuations in the Riesz gas for general power-law interactions, extending understanding beyond known special cases.

Findings

Variance of gap fluctuations scales as N^{-b_k} with k-dependent exponent

Gap distribution exhibits Gaussian and non-Gaussian scaling forms depending on k

Scaling behavior holds for all k > -2 except in the range -1<k<0

Abstract

We consider the $N$ particle classical Riesz gas confined in a one-dimensional external harmonic potential with power law interaction of the form $1/r^k$ where $r$ is the separation between particles. As special limits it contains several systems such as Dyson's log-gas ($k\to 0^+$), Calogero-Moser model ($k=2$), 1d one component plasma ($k=-1$) and the hard-rod gas ($k\to \infty$). Despite its growing importance, only large-$N$ field theory and average density profile are known for general $k$. In this Letter, we study the fluctuations in the system by looking at the statistics of the gap between successive particles. This quantity is analogous to the well-known level spacing statistics which is ubiquitous in several branches of physics. We show that the variance goes as $N^{-b_k}$ and we find the $k$ dependence of $b_k$ via direct Monte Carlo simulations. We provide supporting arguments based on microscopic Hessian calculation and a quadratic field theory approach. We compute the gap distribution and study its system size scaling. Except in the range $-1<k<0$, we find scaling for all $k>-2$ with both Gaussian and non-Gaussian scaling forms.