A Nineteen Day Earth Tide Measurement with a MEMS Gravimeter

TL;DR

This study demonstrates a MEMS gravimeter's capability to measure Earth tides accurately over nineteen days, showing potential for long-term geophysical monitoring despite stability challenges.

Contribution

The paper introduces a MEMS-based gravimeter capable of long-term Earth tide measurements with high correlation to theoretical signals and low bias instability, advancing cost-effective geophysical monitoring tools.

Findings

Correlation coefficient of 0.979 with theoretical Earth tide signals

Bias instability of 8.18 microGal at ~400 s averaging time

Linear drift of 268 microGal/day after data correction

Abstract

The measurement of tiny variations in local gravity enables the observation of subterranean features. Gravimeters have historically been extremely expensive instruments, but usable gravity measurements have recently been conducted using MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) sensors. Such sensors are cheap to produce, since they rely on the same fabrication techniques used to produce mobile phone accelerometers. A significant challenge in the development of MEMS gravimeters is maintaining stability over long time periods, which is essential for long term monitoring applications. A standard way to demonstrate gravimeter stability and sensitivity is to measure the periodic elastic distortion of the Earth due to tidal forces - the Earth tides. Here we present a nineteen day measurement of the Earth tides, with a correlation coefficient to the theoretical signal of 0.979. The estimated bias instability of the proposed gravimeter is 8.18 microGal for an averaging time of ~400 s when considering the raw, uncompensated data. The bias instability extracted from the sensor electronic noise sits just under 2 mircoGal for an averaging time of ~200 s. After removing the long-term temperature and control electronics effects from the raw data, a linear drift of 268 microGal/day is observed in the data, which is among one of the best reported for a MEMS device. These results demonstrate that this MEMS gravimeter is capable of conducting long-therm time-lapse gravimetry, a functionality essential for applications such as volcanology.