Revisiting the Origin of the Universe and the Arrow of Time

TL;DR

This paper explores the origin of the universe and the arrow of time, demonstrating that a closed universe avoids singularities and that the thermodynamic, dynamical, and cosmological arrows of time align, supported by solutions to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation.

Contribution

It provides a novel analysis showing that only closed universes are free from singularities and establishes the equivalence of different arrows of time through explicit solutions in two-dimensional spacetime.

Findings

Closed universe models avoid singularities.

Thermodynamic and dynamical arrows of time coincide.

Explicit solutions to Wheeler-DeWitt equation in 2D spacetime support these conclusions.

Abstract

We reconsider the old but yet unsolved problems, origin of the universe and the arrow of time. We show that only the closed universe is free from the singularity with the arrow of time symmetric with respect to the maximal size of the cosmic scale. The Wheeler-DeWitt equation is explicitly solved to obtain the local dynamical times. Corresponding to these local dynamical times, the thermodynamic arrow of time is proved to coincide with the arrows of dynamical time and of expanding universe (cosmological time). The proof is explicitly shown in two-dimensional spacetime.