Unextendible product operator basis

TL;DR

This paper extends the concept of unextendible product bases to operators, introduces new classes like UPUOB, and demonstrates their nonlocality and entanglement resource requirements in quantum information processing.

Contribution

It generalizes UPB to operators, constructs examples of UPUOBs, and analyzes their nonlocality and entanglement consumption in quantum tasks.

Findings

Strong UPUOBs exhibit nonlocality under LOCC.

Distinguishing certain UPUOBs requires only three ebits.

UPUOBs demonstrate nonlocality similar to UPBs.

Abstract

Quantum nonlocality is associated with the local indistinguishability of orthogonal states. Unextendible product basis (UPB), a widely used tool in quantum information, exhibits nonlocality which is the powerful resource for quantum information processing. In this work we extend the definitions of nonlocality and genuine nonlocality from states to operators. We also extend UPB to the notions of unextendible product operator basis, unextendible product unitary operator basis (UPUOB) and strongly UPUOB. We construct their examples, and show the nonlocality of some strongly UPUOBs under local operations and classical communications. We study the phenomenon of these operators acting on quantum states. As an application, we distinguish the two-dimensional strongly UPUOB which only consumes three ebits of entanglement. Our results imply that such UPUOBs exhibit nonlocality as UPBs and the distinguishability of them requires entanglement resources.