Mono-elemental saturable absorber in mode-locked fiber laser: A review

TL;DR

This review discusses two-dimensional mono-elemental materials as saturable absorbers in mode-locked fiber lasers, highlighting their properties, synthesis, challenges, and recent advancements in the field.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments, material properties, and challenges of mono-elemental saturable absorbers for fiber laser applications.

Findings

Mono-elemental materials exhibit tunable bandgaps and high nonlinearities.

Successful integration of these materials enhances mode-locked fiber laser performance.

Identifies key challenges and proposes future research directions.

Abstract

Two-dimensional mono-elemental material is an excellent saturable absorber candidate with low saturation intensity, large modulation depth, high nonlinearities, and fast recovery time of excited carriers. Typically, these mono-elemental material with two-dimensional structure possesses tunable bandgap from metallic to semiconducting according to different number of layers. The successful application of these materials as the saturable absorber has exploited the development of mode-locked fiber lasers. Therefore, this review is intended to provide an up-to-date information to the development of mono-elemental saturable absorber for the advances in mode-locked fiber laser, with emphasis on their material properties, synthesis process and material characterization. Meanwhile, issues and challenges of the review research topic will be highlighted and addressed with several concrete recommendations.