Higher-order exceptional point in a pseudo-Hermitian cavity optomechanical system

TL;DR

This paper proposes a cavity optomechanical system capable of hosting third-order exceptional points (EP3), which could enhance sensitivity in quantum measurements and offers new ways to study non-Hermitian physics.

Contribution

It introduces a pseudo-Hermitian cavity optomechanical system that can predict and control higher-order EPs, including EP3, without requiring PT symmetry.

Findings

The system can host both EP3 and EP2 depending on parameters.

Tuning the coupling strength transforms EP3 into EP2 in asymmetric cases.

The system with gain can also realize EP3 and EP2, broadening experimental possibilities.

Abstract

Higher-order exceptional points (EPs), resulting from non-Hermitian degeneracies, have shown greater advantages in sensitive enhancement than second-order EPs (EP2s). Therefore, seeking higher-order EPs in various quantum systems is important for quantum information science. Here we propose a benchmark cavity optomechanical (COM) system consisting of a mechanical resonator (MR) coupled to two cavities via radiation pressure for predicting the third-order exceptional point (EP3). We first give the pseudo-Hermitian condition for the non-Hermitian COM system by taking the bath effects into account. Then we consider the mechanical gain effect and we find that the pseudo-Hermitian COM system without $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry can host both the EP3 and EP2 for symmetric and asymmetric cavities. In the symmetric case, only the EP3 or EP2 can be predicted in the parameter space, but the EP3 and EP2 can be transformed into each other by tuning the COM coupling strength in the asymmetric case. We further consider the case of one cavity with gain. For this case, the pseudo-Hermitian COM system is $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric and can also host the EP3 or EP2. The influence of system parameters on them are discussed. Our proposal provides a potential way to realize sensitive detection and study other physical phenomena {around} higher-order EP3 in non-Hermitian COM systems.