FPGA-based low-cost synchronized fiber network for experimental setups in space

TL;DR

This paper presents a low-cost, lightweight FPGA-based fiber network architecture achieving sub-nanosecond synchronization for experimental physics setups, suitable for space applications with strict weight and environmental constraints.

Contribution

It introduces a novel fiber network design using commercial hardware that provides less than 1 ns time resolution with low weight and cost, suitable for space experiments.

Findings

Achieved less than 100 ps standard deviation in synchronization.

Reduced weight by approximately ten times compared to copper-based systems.

Supported data rates of 40 Mbit/s for large data transfer.

Abstract

Custom experiment setups in physics often require control electronics to execute actions and measurements on a small time scale. When further constraints limit the experiment's environment, for example when the experiment is inside a sounding rocket, conventional network systems will not suffice those constraints because of weight, heat or budget limitations. This paper proposes a network architecture with a time resolution of less than 1 ns over a pair of plastic fibers while using low-cost commercial hardware. The plastic fibers in comparison to copper fibers have a low weight and additionally can isolate parts of the setup galvanically. Data rates of 40 Mbit/s enable the network to transfer large amounts of measurements and configuration data over the network. Proof-of-concept implementations of network endpoints and switches on small FPGAs are analyzed in terms of synchronicity, data rate and resource usage. Using commercial parts the resolution of 1 ns is reached with a standard deviation of less than 100 ps. Compared to a copper wire implementation the weight is reduced by about one order of magnitude. With its low weight at a low cost, the network is useful in space or laboratory setups which require high time resolution.