Any-to-any connected cavity-mediated architecture for quantum computing with trapped ions or Rydberg arrays

TL;DR

This paper introduces a scalable quantum computing architecture that connects multiple local processors via optical cavities, enabling high-fidelity, any-to-any entanglement for trapped ions or Rydberg arrays, suitable for large-scale quantum algorithms.

Contribution

It proposes a novel cavity-mediated protocol for connecting quantum processors, achieving high-fidelity entanglement and scalability for trapped ions and Rydberg atom arrays.

Findings

Successful transfer of photons every few microseconds with realistic cavity parameters.

Entanglement of 20 ion chains with 500 qubits in 200 microseconds.

Scalable architecture extendable to tens of thousands of qubits with multiple cavities.

Abstract

We propose a hardware architecture and protocol for connecting many local quantum processors contained within an optical cavity. The scheme is compatible with trapped ions or Rydberg arrays, and realizes teleported gates between any two qubits by distributing entanglement via single-photon transfers through a cavity. Heralding enables high-fidelity entanglement even for a cavity of moderate quality. For processors composed of trapped ions in a linear chain, a single cavity with realistic parameters successfully transfers photons every few $\mu$s, enabling the any-to-any entanglement of 20 ion chains containing a total of 500 qubits in 200 $\mu$s, with both fidelities and rates limited only by local operations and ion readout. For processors composed of Rydberg atoms, our method fully connects a large array of thousands of neutral atoms. The connectivity afforded by our architecture is extendable to tens of thousands of qubits using multiple overlapping cavities, expanding capabilities for NISQ era algorithms and Hamiltonian simulations, as well as enabling more robust high-dimensional error correcting schemes.