Considerations on anomalous photon and Z-boson self-couplings from the Born-Infeld weak hypercharge action

TL;DR

This paper explores how the Born-Infeld hypercharge action introduces anomalous photon and Z-boson couplings, leading to new decay processes, magnetic field effects, and potential confinement phenomena in the electroweak sector.

Contribution

It presents the first analysis of anomalous neutral gauge couplings from Born-Infeld hypercharge, deriving bounds, dispersion relations, and confinement effects.

Findings

Bound on Born-Infeld parameter from Z decay width

Magnetic field induces photon-Z mixing and modifies dispersion relations

Interaction energy suggests confinement of static charges

Abstract

We investigate the effects of the Born-Infeld action on the Abelian sector of the electroweak model. The consequence of this approach is the emergence of anomalous couplings in the neutral sector of the $Z$-gauge boson and photon. These new couplings consist of quartic interactions of the photon with the $Z$-particle, as for example, three-photon-and-one-$Z$ vertex. With that, we obtain the decay width of $Z \to 3\,\gamma$ from which we impose a bound on the Born-Infeld parameter. Other bounds are also obtained from the photon quartic couplings. Subsequently, we consider the presence of an external uniform magnetic field in connection with this Born-Infeld weak hypercharge model. The magnetic background field yields new kinematic effects, like the kinetic mixing between the photon and the $Z$-boson, and we obtain thereby the corresponding dispersion relations for the mixed photon-$Z$-particle system. Finally, we calculate the lowest-order modifications to the interaction energy for the anomalous coupling $3\gamma-Z$, within the framework of the gauge-invariant but path-dependent variables formalism. Our results show that the interaction energy contains a linear term leading to the confinement of static probe charges. With the help of the potential that comes out, interparticle forces are estimated.